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Can the green economy enhance sustainable mountain development? The potential role of awareness building

Environmental science & policy 2015年 49卷 85-94页

作者： Rueff, Henri Inam-ur-Rahim Kohler, Thomas Mahat, Tek Jung Ariza, Clara Univ Oxford Sch Geog & Environm Oxford OX1 3QY England Univ Bern Ctr Dev & Environm CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Fdn Res & Socioecol Harmony Islamabad Pakistan Tribhuvan Univ Cent Dept Environm Sci Ctr Climate Res & Advocacy Kathmandu Nepal Univ Tubingen Dept Plant Ecol D-72076 Tubingen Germany

Mountain socio-ecological systems produce valuable but complex ecosystem services Resulting from biomes stratified by altitude and gravity. These systems are often managed and shaped by smallholders whose marginalization is exacerbated by uncertainties and a lack of policy attention. Human-environment interfaces in mountains hence require holistic policies. We analyse the potential of the Global Mountain Green Economy Agenda (GMGEA) in building awareness and thus prompting cross-sectoral policy strategies for sustainable mountain development. Considering the critique of the green economy pResented at the Rio +20 conference, we argue that the GMGEA can nevertheless structure knowledge and inform regional institutions about the complexity of mountain socio-ecological systems, a necessary precondition to prompt inter-agency collaboration and cross-sectoral policy formulation. After reviewing the content of the GMGEA, we draw on two empirical cases in the Pakistani and Nepali Himalayas. First, we show that lack of awareness has led to a sequence of fragmented interventions with unanticipated, and unwanted, consequences for communities. Second, using a green economy lens, we show how fragmentation could have been avoided and cross-sectoral policies yielded more beneficial Results. Project fragmentation reflects disconnected or layered policies by government agencies, which inherently keep specialized agendas and have no incentive to collaborate. Awareness makes agencies more likely to collaborate and adopt cross-sectoral approaches, allowing them to target more beneficiaries, be more visible, and raise more funds. Nevertheless, we also identify four factors that may currently still limit the effect of the GMGEA: high costs of inter-agency collaboration, lack of legitimacy of the green economy, insufficiently-secured smallholder participation, and limited understanding of the mechanisms through which global agendas influence local policy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights Reserved.

关键词： Mountain green economy Global governance Sustainable development policy Cross-sectoral policy Inter-agency collaboration Mountain communities Himalayas

来源： ebsco(GreenFILE/8gh)

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Enhancing the economic viability of pastoralism: the need to balance interventions

Revue Scientifique et Technique

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Revue Scientifique et Technique 2016年第2期35卷 577-586页

作者： Rueff, H. Rahim, I. Univ Basel Dept Environm Sci Phys Geog & Environm Change Klingelbergstr 27 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland Univ Oxford Sch Geog & Environm S Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3QY England Fdn Res & Socioecol Harmony House 41St 32D-17-2 Islamabad Pakistan

Extensive mobile pastoral systems do not follow conventional marketing optimisation models, since they must deal with the factors of mobility, erratic environments, dependency on natural Resources, seasonality, and distance to markets. While pastoralist systems contribute substantially to national economies, government investment to support pastoralism remains limited or non-existent. Pastoralists are becoming increasingly integrated into larger market systems and therefore need investment and specially adapted policies to supply a growing demand for livestock products and to support their livelihoods. In this paper, the authors show that investment and technology can support and empower pastoralist marketing strategies in supplying higher-value and more stable livestock products. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that pastoralists also supply services, broadening the marketing landscape within which they operate to include more players and trading options. Pastoralists are undeniably the custodians of rangelands and provide a wide range of ecosystem services. These new market prospects nevertheless require structuring (e.g. regulation, infrastructure) and adjustments in the trading environment of stakeholders all along the value chain. There is, however, an inherent risk in intervening in pastoral marketing and production processes. Too many or ill-adapted interventions can have severe effects on these systems, Resulting in over-intensification and reduced mobility. Finding the right level of intervention to support extensive pastoral systems is important when developing policy, since it is about the only form of land use that can keep a third of the world's land surface in food production without additional inputs.

关键词： Food systems Information and communication technology Livestock products value chain Markets Pastoral system economies Pastoralism Payment schemes Scarce natural Resources LIVESTOCK

来源： ebsco(MEDLINE/cmedm) 评论

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