Strawberry-tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey is expensive and difficult to characterize by melissopalinology. This study aimed to authenticate strawberry-tree (A. unedo L.) honeys from southern Europe, determining arbutin, groups of polyphenols, volatile and semivolatile compounds, as well as biological activities such as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, antioxidant activities against both hydroxyl (AOA) and superoxide radicals (SRS), oxygen radical absorbance capacity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antimicrobial activity against 7 microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp., and Penicillium commune). Arbutin, analyzed using HPLC-UV, was quantified in 83% of the samples. Polyphenols' contents were high. Norisoprenoids and benzene derivatives were the major compounds determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Theobromine was detected in 67% of samples. 2,6,6-Trimetyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde, 3,4,5 trimethylphenol and 2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one were proposed as potential strawberry-tree floral markers. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were significant. Honeys’ extracts showed higher AOA and SRS, and better antimicrobial activities than the honeys. This study highlights the potential of strawberry-tree honeys and/or their phenolic extracts for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses. Graphical abstract Download : Download high-res image (270KB) Download : Download full-size image
Dear Paulo: Letters from Those Who Dare Teach is a heartfelt response from teachers, academics, and community workers to the work of the internationally renowned educator and author Paulo Freire. From newly minted teachers terrified of facing their first day in the classroom to seasoned academics whose work has largely been inspired by Freire, this collection, accompanied by photographs of Freire with some of the letter writers, is both a loving memorial and a call to action to work for social justice, praxis, and democracy, ideals envisioned and brilliantly articulated by Paulo.
This volume--the first edited book on the education of Puerto Ricans written primarily by Puerto Rican authors--focuses on the history and experiences of Puerto Rican students in the United States by addressing issues of identity, culture, ethnicity, language, gender, social activism, community involvement, and policy implications. It is the first book to both concentrate on the education of Puerto Ricans in particular, and to bring together in one volume, the major and emerging scholars who are developing cutting-edge scholarship in the field. Puerto Rican Students in U.S. Schools: • features both scholarly chapters (conceptual and research studies) and reflective essays, as well as two poems, • combines broad overview studies with classroom practice and social action, and • includes chapters that trace the history of the education of Puerto Ricans in U.S. schools in general and its history in New York City, and one chapter on return migrants.
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